Hardware Support

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WiFi/BT RTL8723CS

WiFi

The WiFi driver isn't available in the Linux kernel yet. However, we can compile it as an out-of-tree driver for now. See kernel building for more instruction

Bluetooth

The production version of the PineTab and PinePhone are both using the Realtek 8723CS WiFi/BT module. BT is natively supported after adding the necessary firmware from https://github.com/anarsoul/rtl8723bt-firmware/tree/master/rtl_bt Download all the *.bin files and copy them to the /lib/firmware/rtl_bt directory in the rootFS.

Modem EC25

Setup

1. Make sure that the qmimodem plugin is enabled in the .spec of ofono.

2. Remove the noplugin.conf file under /lib/environment/ofono/noplugin.conf.

3. Restart ofono

 systemctl restart ofono

4. Install ofono-tests

 zypper in ofono-tests

5. Check if the QMI modem is properly detected:

 /usr/lib/ofono/test/list-modems

6. Unlock you SIM card (if needed):

 /usr/lib/ofono/test/enter-pin /quectelqmi_0 pin <PIN CODE>

The EC25 Quectel modem is now ready :) Thanks to SuperPrower for the hard work!

Sending SMS

 /usr/lib/ofono/test/send-sms <PHONE NUMBER RECEIVER> <MESSAGE> <DELIVERY REPORT>

To skip the delivery report, use 0 as argument.

Cameras

Thanks to: https://wiki.postmarketos.org/wiki/Pine_Don't_be_evil_devkit_(pine-dontbeevil)#Cameras Only the back camera is supported by the mainline kernel. To use it, you need to configure it first:

 media-ctl --set-v4l2 '"ov5640 2-003c":0[fmt:UYVY8_2X8/1280x7200]' -d /dev/media1

Afterwards, you can take a picture with:

 ffmpeg -s 1280x720 -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video1 -vframes 1 selfie.jpg

- /dev/media1 is the controller interface of the back camera

- /dev/video1 is the back camera stream interface

If that works, you can try gstreamer to make the camera available for system wide usage:]

 gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src device=/dev/video1 num-buffers=1 ! 'video/x-raw,format=UYVY,width=1280,height=720' ! jpegenc ! filesink location=selfie.jpg
 cp selfie.jpg /home/nemo/Pictures

This command generates a selfie.jpg file and by copying it to /home/nemo/Pictures you can view it with the Gallery app.

Audio

1. Unmute the AIF1 Slot 0 Digital DAC channel using alsamixer. Use m to unmute.

2. Same for Line Out and increase the volume to 100 (default is 0).

2. Copy the default PulseAudio config:

 cp /etc/pulse/default.pa /etc/pulse/arm_native_config.pa

3. Enable ALSA modules in the new config:

 load-module module-alsa-sink
 load-module module-alsa-source device=hw:1,0

They are commented out by default.

4. Configure PulseAudio by changing arm_droid_config.pa to /arm_native_config.pa in /etc/sysconfig/pulseaudio.

5. Restart PulseAudio or reboot.

6. Go to the Settings app and test the sound output by playing a ringtone under Sounds and Feedback.

Video

WIP GStreamer support. Doesn't start the sink properly yet.

Pine devices should support hardware video codecs using https://github.com/bootlin/libva-v4l2-request

Install gstreamer1.0-vaapi. libva and libva-v4l2-request from the hwcommon repository

Pipeline to try to play an MPEG-2 video, which is most mature codec in v4l2-request so far:

GST_DEBUG=4 gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=~/lion-sample.mov ! qtdemux ! h264parse ! vaapidecodebin ! vaapisink

You need to export some env variables:

LIBVA_V4L2_REQUEST_VIDEO_PATH=/dev/videoX
LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=v4l2_request
GST_VAAPI_ALL_DRIVERS=1

then remove .cache/gstreamer1.0/.cache/gstreamer-1.0/registry.armv7l.bin

run gst-inspect-1.0 vaapi to see the detected elements.

PineTab

In pinetab we have jack to uart port cable. For enable UART console move selector nearby sd-card slot away from sd-card slot.

Testing the vibrator motor

You need to have the CONFIG_GPIO_SYSFS enabled in your kernel config for this!

Vibrator motor is on pin PD2. You can calculate the PIN number for PD2 as followed (more information): (4-1) * 32 + 2 = 98

echo "98" > /sys/class/gpio/export # Make pin available
echo "out" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio98/direction # Set as output
echo "1" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio98/value # On
echo "1" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio98/value # Off
echo "98" > /sys/class/gpio/unexport # When you're done

Notification LED

 export COLOR=red # or green, blue is broken due to a hardware fault
 # Activate LED
 echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/$COLOR/brightness
 # Deactivate LED
 echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/$COLOR/brightness

The LED can be controlled in Mer by MCE. You need the mce-plugin-libhybris-nondroid for this.

In the latest kernel, the control paths of the LED aren't the default ones that the MCE is expecting. This requires a config file to enable MCE to control the LED on the PinePhone devphone:

 [LEDConfigHybris]
 
 # Choose Vanilla backend
 BackEnd=vanilla
 
 # Configure base directories for red/green/blue channels
 RedDirectory=/sys/class/leds/pinephone:red:user
 GreenDirectory=/sys/class/leds/pinephone:green:user
 BlueDirectory=/sys/class/leds/pinephone:blue:user

This config file must be saved in the following file: /etc/mce/99-pinephone.ini

Installation

Prepare SD card

Use GParted or any other tool to create the following EXT4 partitions:

boot: Holds the mainline kernel Image and Device Tree files
data: Holds the Sailfish OS rootFS

GParted will ask you to leave the first MB free of the SD card when creating the first partition, this is correct. This 1 MB will be used to store the U-boot boot loader.

Note: Make sure you have a msdos partition table! If not, the U-boot flashing will make partition table unusable (in case of GPT for example)!

U-Boot

We will now build the mainline U-boot boot loader from Git.

Clone ARM Trusted Firmware (master branch)

git clone https://github.com/ARM-software/arm-trusted-firmware.git

Build the BL31.bin

Follow the instructions here: https://github.com/u-boot/u-boot/blob/master/board/sunxi/README.sunxi64

Quick start:

 export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
 ARCH=arm64 make PLAT=sun50i_a64 DEBUG=1 bl31
 export BL31=/path/to/bl31.bin # Probably: ~/arm-trusted-firmware/build/sun50i_a64/debug/bl31.bin

Clone U-boot (master branch):

You can find the U-boot mirror repository on Github:

git clone https://github.com/u-boot/u-boot.git

Compile U-boot

You have to cross compile U-boot with the arm64 arch:

export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
ARCH=arm64 make clean
ARCH=arm64 make sopine_baseboard_defconfig # U-boot upstream, use pinephone_defconfig when using pine64-org's U-boot with enhanced PinePhone support
ARCH=arm64 make

The sopine_baseboard_defconfig is the same for the Don't Be Evil devkit.

Burn U-boot to your SD card

Copy the compiled U-boot bootloader to the first sector on your SD card:

sudo dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/sdX bs=8k seek=1

Manually loading the kernel

Serial TTY Baudrate over UART = 115200 for screen, example: screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200 You have to start screen first, before turning on the devkit.

Interrupt the U-boot autoboot process when you see a message in the U-boot prompt. We need to access the U-boot prompt to load the Kernel image and boot it manually!

Set bootargs:

 setenv bootargs root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootwait panic=10

Kernel Image loading and Device Tree files:

ext4load mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} /Image 
ext4load mmc 0:1 ${fdt_addr_r} /sun50i-a64-pinephone.dtb

Boot the kernel:

booti ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r}

Automatic boot

Create a boot.cmd file for the PinePhone:

echo Setting bootargs
setenv bootargs console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 no_console_suspend rootwait quiet
earlycon=uart,mmio32,0x01c28000 panic=10 consoleblank=0 loglevel=0
printenv
echo Loading DTB
load mmc 0:1 ${fdt_addr_r} /sun50i-a64-pinephone.dtb
echo Loading kernel Image
load mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} /Image
echo Booting kernel NOW
booti ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r}

Create a boot.cmd file for the PineTab:

echo Setting bootargs
setenv bootargs console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 no_console_suspend rootwait quiet
earlycon=uart,mmio32,0x01c28000 panic=10 consoleblank=0 loglevel=0
printenv
echo Loading DTB
load mmc 0:1 ${fdt_addr_r} /sun50i-a64-pinetab.dtb
echo Loading kernel Image
load mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} /Image
echo Booting kernel NOW
booti ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r}

Mount your boot partition and run the following command:

sudo mkimage -C none -A arm -T script -d /mnt/boot.cmd /mnt/boot.scr

This will translate the boot.cmd file into a U-boot script.

If you don't have the mkimage command available, you can install it from the uboot-tools package.

Kernel

The PinePhone runs a mainline kernel, device tree modifications are done by all the PinePhone OS developers on Gitlab (https://gitlab.com/pine64-org/linux).

Clone the kernel

git clone https://gitlab.com/pine64-org/linux
cd linux
git checkout pine64-kernel

Configure the kernel

Copy our kernel config: https://gitlab.com/pinephone-sailfish-os/linux-kernel/raw/master/pinephone-config
Enter the linux project: cd linux
Copy the config file to .config in the main directory

Enable WiFi out-of-tree driver

Add the driver to the kernel:

 cd drivers/staging
 git clone https://github.com/Icenowy/rtl8723cs.git

Configure the kernel build system now:

Add this line to drivers/staging/Kconfig: source "drivers/staging/rtl8723cs/Kconfig"
Add this line to drivers/staging/Makefile: obj-$(CONFIG_RTL8723CS) += rtl8723cs/
Enable the driver in the kernel config: CONFIG_RTL8723CS=m

See: https://gitlab.com/postmarketOS/pmaports/blob/master/main/linux-postmarketos-allwinner/rtl8723cs.patch

Build the kernel

We cross compile the kernel for ARM64. The LOCALVERSION variable can be used to add a version to the build.

Cross compile the kernel:

export ARCH=arm64
export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
export LOCALVERSION=-nemo
make clean
make defconfig KBUILD_DEFCONFIG=config-sailfishos-allwinner.aarch64
make -j4 Image modules dtbs

Install the kernel modules in a different path:

make modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../linux_modules/

Install kernel

Copy the following things:

Image from arch/arm64/boot/Image to the root of the boot partition.
Device tree files

For pinethone arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-a64-pinephone.dtb and arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-a64-pinephone.dts to the root of the boot partition.

For pinetab arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-a64-pinetab.dtb and arch/arm64/boot/dts/allwinner/sun50i-a64-pinetab.dts to the root of the boot partition.

Modules from ../linux_modules to /lib/modules on the data partition.

Nemo Mobile

Nemo Mobile have same MW with SFOS but use gcc8 have aarch64 support and use newset version of packages.

git of device config: https://github.com/neochapay/nemo-device-dont_be_evil

For build last release of nemo use this ks file https://gist.github.com/neochapay/8d40f9ee1e5fd621e0053aa126d39e81

Sailfish OS

Github & OBS project

- https://github.com/sailfish-on-dontbeevil

- https://build.merproject.org/project/show/nemo:devel:hw:pine:dontbeevil

Flash rootFS

You can download the latest rootFS from the Gitlab SailfishOS Porters CI: https://gitlab.com/sailfishos-porters-ci/dont_be_evil-ci (see the artifacts of the latest CI job).

This tar.gz archive should be burned to the data partition of the SD card. It's important to burn it as the root user (not with sudo) to preserve extended attributes and ACLs:

sudo su
bsdtar -xpf <SAILFISH OS ROOTFS>.tar.bz2 -C <MOUNTPOINT OF /DATA>

Device repos

To boot Lipstick, you need to add the device specific repos to the devkit. All the following commands are executed in a shell on the devkit.

Make sure you configure the ethernet interface first before you continue! You need to have access to the WWW to fetch the necessary repository data and packages.

Install zypper manually:

 curl -o augeas-lib.rpm http://repo.merproject.org/obs/mer:/core/latest_armv7hl/armv7hl/augeas-libs-1.6.0+git1-1.10.6.armv7hl.rpm
 curl -o zypper.rpm http://repo.merproject.org/obs/mer:/core/latest_armv7hl/armv7hl/zypper-1.14.6+git3-1.24.5.armv7hl.rpm
 rpm -Uvh *rpm

Use ssu to add the repo

 ssu ar common http://repo.merproject.org/obs/nemo:/devel:/hw:/common/sailfish_latest_armv7hl/
 ssu ar dontbeevil http://repo.merproject.org/obs/home:/piggz:/dontbeevil/sailfishos_3.0.3.9_latest_armv7hl/
 ssu ar jolla https://releases.jolla.com/releases/3.0.3.9/jolla/armv7hl/

Refresh the repo:

 zypper refresh

Install the device packages:

 zypper install dontbeevil:qt5-qtcore dontbeevil:qt5-qttest dontbeevil:lipstick-qt5
 zypper install droid-config-dontbeevil # Select 1 for vendor change
 zypper install droid-config-dontbeevil-sailfish
 zypper install qt5-plugin-platform-eglfs # EGLFS LIMA plugin
 zypper install qt5-plugin-generic-evdev # evdev input plugins

Other useful packages

 zypper install mce-tools #useful for mcetool (mcetool -U activates the screen)

Unknown password

The Sailfish OS rootFS sets a random password when booting for the first time. You can only log in through the telnet debug interface. Since the eth0 interface still requires manually setup, you can't access telnet.

To circumvent this issue, you can login through the UART TTY interface. However you don't know the password of the root nor nemo users! To disable the root and nemo passwords, we can modify the /etc/shadow file:

sudo chmod +w <SD card data partition>/etc/shadow
sudo vim <SD card data partition>/etc/shadow # Remove any characters where <HASHED PASSWORD> is written: user1:<HASHED PASSWORD>:16092:0:99999:7:::.
sudo chmod -w <SD card data partition>/etc/shadow

By removing the hashed password, we can login with the user without entering a password. You can set a new password afterwards by running as a logged in user:

passwd

Init eth0

Enabling the eth0 interface has to be done manually for now:

ifconfig eth0 <YOUR_IP>
route add default gw <DEFAULT_GATEWAY_IP>
echo "nameserver <DNS_SERVER_IP>" > /etc/resolv.conf

Test your configuration with ping:

ping jolla.com

Lipstick crashing

Install Lipstick from the dontbeevil repository:

 zypper install dontbeevil:lipstick-qt5

As from 3.1.0.12, this fix is obsolete.

No setup wizard

Make sure the configuration package is installed:

 zypper install droid-config-dontbeevil-sailfish

Missing regulatory.db for RT8723BS WiFi/BT module

 git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sforshee/wireless-regdb.git
 cd wireless-regdb
 cp regulatory* /lib/firmware

Adaptations/PinePhone64

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